Distance Learning in the 21st Century: Project Management in Education and Training

Foundations of Project Management

Process of Project Management Knutson and Bitz (1991) state that project management includes four phases: planning, scheduling, controlling, and terminating. These phases are distinctive from one another but are interrelated and interdependent. A variety of activities occur in each phase, and various factors need to be taken into consideration. Phase I Planning. The foundation of all projects is the plan (Robertson, 1967; Knutson & Bitz, 1991). The planning phase defines objectives and selects the best actions to attain the objectives. Core processes of this phase include, but are not limited to, scope planning, scope definition, activity sequencing, risk management planning, resource planning, cost estimating, cost budgeting, and project plan development (Knutson & Bitz, 1991; PMBOK®Guide, 2000).